Study on the effect of ultrasound intermediate frequency acupoint drug guiding technology on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of ultrasound intermediate frequency acupoint targeted drug guiding technology on the recovery of gastrointestinal function and serum gastrin levels in elderly patients after lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:This study used prospective research methods.A total of 90 elderly patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery after general anesthesia in the orthopaedic ward of Beijing Geriatrics Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were randomly divided into blank control group, drug control group, and drug-guided treatment group, with 30 cases each group. After the operation, no intervention was given to the blank control group, the drug control group received oral mosapride citrate tablets, the drug-guided treatment group used the D patch to guide the medicine at the two acupoints of Zusanli and Zhongwan with ultrasound medium frequency guided medicine instrument for 1 week each. The serum gastrin levels of the patients in each group were detected 1 d before operation, 3 d after operation, and 1 week after operation, and the time of first exhaust and first defecation after operation were recorded.Results:The results showed that the level of serum gastrin preoperativein the three groups was not significantly different ( P>0.05). On the third day after operation, the levelof serum gastrin in the drug guide treatment group, drug control group and blank control group were lower than those at 1 d before operation: (66.51 ± 5.34) ng/L vs. (69.36 ± 6.50) ng/L, (58.34 ± 5.71) ng/L vs. (68.75 ± 5.13) ng/L, (55.76 ± 6.23) ng/L vs. (70.20 ± 6.71) ng/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and showed a decreasing trend in turn. Among them, the level of serum gastrin in the drug guide treatment group was higher than that in the drug control group and blank control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). One week after operation, the level of serum gastrin in the three groups increased compared with the third day after operation ( P<0.05), and the drug guiding treatment group was higher than the drug control group and the blank control group: (72.38 ± 6.78) ng/L vs. (67.15 ± 6.27) ng/L, (63.52 ± 5.38) ng/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The time of first exhaust and defecation after the operation of the three groups of patients, the drug-guided treatment group was significantly shorter than the drug control group and the blank control group: (15.25 ± 3.10) h vs. (20.38 ± 4.21) h and (28.52 ± 3.69) h, (24.14 ± 3.53) h vs. (36.15 ± 3.54) h and (49.51 ± 4.37) h, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound intermediate frequency acupoint drug guiding technology can increase the patient′s serum gastrin level and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with lumbar spine surgery after general anesthesia.

Effects of early-life exposure to angiotensinⅡ type 1 receptor autoantibody on lipid metabolism in offspring rats / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of early-life (intrauterine and breastfeeding period) exposure to angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT 1-AA) on lipid metabolism in offspring rats. Methods:Thirty-two AT 1-AA negative healthy nonpregnant specific pathogen free female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into two groups. Those in the immune group ( n=16) were subcutaneously injected with the mixture of an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant and the second extracellular loop of human-derived angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 (AT1R-ECⅡ) repeatedly to establish the AT 1-AA-positive rat model by active immunization and those in the control group ( n=16) with normal saline solution. Before each immunization, blood samples were collected from the tail of rats to detect serum AT 1-AA levels of those rats in both groups, and the AT 1-AA-positive rat model was successfully established when the serum AT 1-AA was positive and its level reached a plateau. After eight weeks of immunization, the female rats in the two groups were mated with healthy AT 1-AA-negative male rats to conceive. Serum samples were collected from the maternal and offspring rats at the gestation of 18 days (G18), postnatal 21 days (P21), and from the normally fed offspring rats from the time of weaning to 12 weeks old (W12). Active immunization was not performed on the offspring throughout the experiment. The serum AT 1-AA levels of maternal and offspring rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum AT1-AA was positive when the ratio of AT1-AA level of the immune group over the control group ≥2.1. The blood lipid levels of maternal and offspring rats were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum AT 1-AA levels, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [instead of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels of the offspring and maternal rats were determined for correlation analysis. Two independent sample t-test, linear regression analysis, and analysis of variance were adopted for statistical analysis. Results:(1) The serum levels of AT 1-AA in maternal rats at G18 and P21 in the immune group were significantly higher than those in the control group (G18: 1.170±0.190 vs 0.114±0.016, t=14.64; P21: 0.988±0.283 vs 0.084±0.006, t=9.57; both P<0.001). (2) The serum levels of AT 1-AA in the offspring at G18 and P21 in the immune group were significantly higher than those in the control group (offspring at G18: 0.948±0.220 vs 0.105±0.010, t=10.10; male offspring at P21: 0.758±0.273 vs 0.080±0.002, t=7.46; female offspring at P21: 0.774±0.274 vs 0.084±0.005, t=7.55; all P<0.001), which showed a positive correlation with those in maternal rats at the same period (offspring at G18: R=0.78; male offspring at P21: R=0.82; female offspring at P21: R=0.82; all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the serum AT 1-AA level in offspring at W12 between the immune and control group ( P>0.05). (3) The serum levels of TC at G18 and P21, and HDL at P21 in maternal rats in the immune group were all higher than those in the control group [TC at G18: (2.36±0.32) vs (1.95±0.24) mmol/L, t=2.70; P21: (2.82±0.50) vs (2.18±0.26) mmol/L, t=3.41; HDL at P21: (1.94±0.33) vs (1.57±0.23) mmol/L, t=2.80; all P<0.05]. (4) Compared with the offspring in the control group, there was no significant change in lipid metabolism at G18 and W12 in the offspring in the immune group (both P>0.05). The serum levels of TC and HDL in male and female offspring at P21 in the immune group were higher than their counterparts in the control[TC in male offspring: (2.38±0.52) vs (1.83±0.30) mmol/L, t=2.73; HDL in male offspring: (1.44±0.32) vs (1.07±0.18) mmol/L, t=2.98; TC in female offspring: (2.50±0.72) vs (1.70±0.26) mmol/L, t=3.16; HDL in female offspring: (1.41±0.33) vs (1.00±0.14) mmol/L, t=3.41; all P<0.05]. (5) The serum levels of TC and HDL in male and female offspring at P21 in the immune group showed no correlation with those in maternal rats at P21 (all R<0.5, all P>0.05). The serum levels of HDL in male and female offspring at P21 in the immune group had a positive correlation with their own serum TC levels (male offspring: R=0.98; female offspring: R=0.97; both P<0.001) and also with their own serum AT 1-AA levels (male offspring: R=0.74, P=0.023; female offspring: R=0.91, P=0.001). The serum levels of TC in male and female offspring at P21 in the immune group had a positive correlation with their serum AT 1-AA levels (male offspring: R=0.72, P=0.030; female offspring: R=0.90, P=0.001). Conclusion:The early-life exposure to AT 1-AA may cause abnormal expression of TC and HDL in offspring rats.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory adenovirus infections in children: analysis of 488 cases / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of acute respiratory adenovirus infection in children.Methods:Clinical data of 488 children with acute respiratory tract human adenovirus (HAdV) infection admitted in Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from September 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Nasopharyngeal swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected and tested by direct immunofluorescence assay. Kruskal Wallis H test was used for quantitative data without normal distribution, and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The qualitative data were compared by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Bonfereoni chi-square segmentation was performed for comparison between groups, and P<0.007 was considered statistically significant after correction. Results:A total of 488 HAdV positive cases were detected from 7 072 patients with acute respiratory tract infection (6.9%), including 305 males (62.5%) and 183 females (37.5%). The median age of HAdV positive children was 43 months (39 days to 12 years). The detection rate in 6 m-<2 y age group(8.7%, 123/1 408)was significantly higher than those in <6 m group (3.0%, 6/197)and ≥5 y group(4.6%, 89/1 948)( χ2=7.57, 23.98, P all <0.007). The detection rate in 2-<5 y group(7.7%, 270/3 519)was significantly higher than those in <6 m group and ≥5 y group ( χ2=5.809, 19.688, P all <0.007). The peak rate was detected in the winter [12.9%(238/1 840)] which was significantly higher than those in spring (4.7%), summer (3.9%), and autumn(5.5%)( χ2=103.477, 58.986 and 49.926, P<0.007). The average length of hospital stay was (6±4)d(1-41 d). 486 cases (99.5%) were discharged from hospital after treatment, and 2 cases died. There were 111 cases (22.7%) of acute upper respiratory tract infection, 34 cases (7.0%) of bronchitis and 343 cases (70.3%) of pneumonia; and severe pneumonia was diagnosed in 86 cases (25.1%, 86/343). The common clinical manifestations were fever 93.4% (456/488), cough 94.7% (462/488), wheezing 26.2% (128/488) and shortness of breath 14.8% (72/488). 138 cases (28.3%) had extrapulmonary symptoms, 78 cases (16.0%) had underlying diseases, among which congenital heart disease was most common (16, 3.3%). The average duration of fever was(8.8±2.4)d(5-17 d)in 456 fever cases, the duration between 7-10 d in 277 cases and >10 d in 96 cases; and 439 cases had hyperpyrexia(≥39 ℃). The single infection occurred in 275 (56.4%) cases and mixed infection in 213(43.6%) cases. The proportions of fever, hyperpyrexia, fever duration >10 d, severe pneumonia, wheezing and length of hospital stay in mixed infection group were significantly higher than those in the single infection group ( χ2/ Z=11.960, 6.494, 37.209, 72.841 and -8.805, P all <0.05). The length of hospital stay, proportion of fever time>10 d, wheezing, shortness of breath, hypersomnia/poor spirits, serous effusion, extrapulmonary symptoms, mixed infection, and underlying diseases in severe pneumonia group were significantly higher than those in the mild pneumonia group ( χ2/ Z=-9.182, 23.825, 49.094, 143.627, 219.659, 81.327, 8.080, 21.546 and 10.556, P all <0.05). The proportion of severe pneumonia in 6 m to <2 y group was higher than that in 2-<5 y group and ≥5 y group( χ2=20.709, 8.603, P all <0.007). Conclusions:HAdV is an important pathogen of acute respiratory infection in children. HAdV infection occurs mainly in children aged from 6 month to 2 years and has a high detection rate in winter. Children aged 6 months to 2 years with wheezing, shortness of breath, underlying diseases, extrapulmonary symptoms and mixed infections are more likely to develop severe pneumonia.

Clinical characteristics of 7 children with Streptococcus pneumoniae cellulitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of children with Streptococcus pneumoniae cellulitis. Methods:The bacterial culture information management system in 18 children′s hospitals from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed.Among 1 138 children diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease(IPD), 7 cases were hospitalized with cellulitis.Clinical information was collected and analyzed.Results:Seven cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae cellulitis accounted for 0.6%(7/1 138 cases) of 1 138 IPD cases in 18 hospitals.There were 5 males and 2 females.The onset age was from 1 month to 6 years old, and the median age was 2 years old.There were 4 cases in rural areas and 3 cases in urban areas.Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was found in 1 case.Clinical manifestations: fever, local swelling and pain with infection.The focus of cellulitis: orbital cellulitis in 2 cases, buccal infection in 2 cases, upper extremity, head and buttock infection in 1 case, respectively.At the beginning of the disease: 2 cases of orbital cellulitis were accompanied by nasosinusitis and suppurative otitis media, 1 case was treated with acute periapical inflammation, 1 case was 10 months after chemotherapy.Type of infection: 6 cases were complicated with bloodstream infection, 2 cases with bacterial meningitis and 1 case with pneumonia.Other culture results: 6 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae were cultured in peripheral blood, 2 cases were positive in local pus culture.Drug sensitivity test: 6 cases were sensitive to Penicillin and Cephalosporin (Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone), 1 case was resistant.Treatment: 3 patients were treated with Cephalosporins alone, 2 cases with Cephalosporins and Penicillins, 2 cases with Vancomycin and Meropenem for meningitis, 3 cases with local abscess by incision and drainage, 2 cases with meningitis in Intensive Care Unit, and 1 case with endotracheal intubation and ventilator assisted ventilation.The average length of stay was 14.3 days(5-41 days). Discharge outcome: 6 cases improved and 1 case died. Conclusions:Cellulitis is a rare type of infection in children with IPD.It is mainly found in the head, face and around the orbit.It may be accompanied by bloodstream infection or bacterial meningitis.Most of them have a good prognosis.

Changes and correlations of serum interleukins, adhesion molecules and soluble E-selectin in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Objective: To observe the changes and correlations of serum interleukins [ILs], adhesion molecules and soluble E-selectin [sE-selectin] in children with allergic rhinitis, asthma and both diseases

Methods: A total of 45 children with allergic rhinitis, 40 with asthma and 45 with allergic rhinitis complicated with asthma treated from September 2016 to January 2018 were selected. Meanwhile, 30 healthy subjects who received physical examinations were included as a control group. The levels of serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1], soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1], and sE-selectin were detected by double-antibody sandwich ELISA, and their correlations were subjected to Spearman's correlation analysis

Results: The serum IL levels of allergic rhinitis, asthma and complication groups were significantly higher than those of control group [P<0.01], and the levels of complication group significantly exceeded those of asthma group [P<0.05]. The serum levels of IL-5 and IL-10 in complication group significantly exceeded those of allergic rhinitis group [P<0.05]. Compared with control group, serum sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin levels significantly increased in other three groups [P<0.01]. Such levels of complication group were significantly higher than those of allergic rhinitis and asthma groups [P<0.05]. Serum IL-10 level was positively correlated with that of IL-4 [r=0.965, P<0.05], and sE-selectin level was positively correlated with those of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 [r=0.915, P<0.01; r=0.892, P<0.01]

Conclusion: Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, adhesion molecules and sE-selectin are all involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, which can be used to evaluate the degrees of respiratory allergic diseases

A multicenter clinical study on 1 138 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in children from 2012 to 2017 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical features, the serotype distribution and drug resistance of the isolates in patient with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).@*Methods@#By retrieving the laboratory information system in 18 children′s hospitals from 2012 to 2017, the children with IPD were enrolled. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) must be isolated from the sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, hydrothorax and joint effusion etc.). The clinical characteristics, serotype, drug resistance, treatment and prognosis were reviewed and analyzed. According to the telephone follow up results, the patients were divided into death group and recovered group. The index as an independent risk factor of mortality was demonstrated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#There were 1 138 children with IPD, including 684 male and 454 female. The proportion of male to female was 1.5∶1. The age ranged from one day to 16 years. The median age was 1 year 3 month. The majority was under 5 years of age (89.3%, n= 1 016), especially under 2 years of age (61.9%, n=704). In all cases, 88.2% (n=1 004) were community acquired infection. The infections included meningitis (n=446, 39.2%), pneumonia with bacteremia (n=339, 29.8%), and bacteremia without focus (n=232, 20.4%). Underlying diseases were found in 242 cases (21.3%). Co-infections were determined in 62 cases (5.4%) with mycoplasma, 27 cases (2.4%) with adenovirus and 34 cases with influenza virus (3.0%). The penicillin insensitivity (PNSP) rates in meningitis and non-meningitis isolates were 69.5% (276/397) and 35.9% (221/615), respectively. There were 81 strains serotyped, in which 93.8% (76/81) were covered by 13-valent protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In the 965 patients who were followed up by phone call, 156 cases (16.2%) were confirmed dead. The independent risk factors for the death were under 2 years of age (OR=2.143, 95%CI 1.284-3.577, P=0.004), meningitis (OR=3.066, 95%CI 1.852-5.074, P<0.01), underlying disease (OR=4.801, 95%CI 2.953-7.804, P<0.01), septic shock(OR=3.542, 95%CI 1.829-6.859, P<0.01), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (OR=4.150, 95%CI 1.468-11.733, P=0.007), multiple organ failure (OR=12.693, 95%CI 6.623-24.325, P<0.01) and complications of central nervous system (OR=1.975, 95%CI 1.144-3.410, P=0.015).@*Conclusions@#Most children with IPD were under 5 years of age, having underlying diseases and acquired the infection in community. The independent risk factors for death were under two years old, meningitis, underlying diseases and multiple organ failure. The problem of drug resistance was severe. The universal immunization of PCV13 would be effective to prevent IPD in Chinese children.

Effects of extreme environmental conditions on sensitivity and specificity of collodial gold immunochromatography products / 军事医学

Objective To assess the limit of detection(LOD),sensitivity and specificity of collodial gold immunochrom-atography(GICA)products purchased from two manufacturers under special environmental conditions.Methods The sensitivity and specificity of GICA made in InTec Products, INC.and Beijing WANTAI Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., LTD.for detecting HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-Treponema pallidum(TP)serum samples were evaluated under different conditions(conventional facilities,simulated hot and humid environments and simulated low pressure and hypoxia environments)according to the protocol of kits.LOD was estimated by detecting the standard materials obtained from the National Center for Clinical Laboratory(NCCL)of China.Results LOD for syphilis improved from 2 NCU to 1 NCU using GICA from InTec Products in hot and humid environments.The extreme conditions did not influence the specificity of GICA from the two manufacturers in the course of detection of clinical samples,but the sensitivity of detection was affected.For InTec Products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and syphilis detection was improved in hot and humid environments,but was reduced in low pressure and hypoxia environments.In addition,the sensitivity of hepatitis C virus detection by InTec Products decreased in hot and humid environments.As for WANTAI products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus detection was reduced under extreme conditions and that of hepatitis C virus was only influenced by hot and humid environments. Interestingly, extreme conditions had no impact on the sensitivity of syphilis.Conclusion LOD of InTec Products is better than that of the WANTAI products for detection of standard materials from blood-borne diseases.In the process of detecting clinical samples,the sensitivity of the two manufacturers′GICA is influenced by extreme conditions, with the specificity unchanged.Overall, WANTAI products are more stable than those of InTec, and are also less influenced by extreme conditions.

Clinical Observation of Different Administration of Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Secretory Otitis Me-dia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of different administration of dexamethasone in the treatment of se-cretory otitis media. METHODS:Data of 92 patients with secretory otitis media was retrospectively collected and divided into ob-servation group(43 cases)and control group(49 cases)by different administration. Observation group received 5 mg Dexametha-sone injection by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by video laryngoscope,once every 2 day. Control group received 5 mg Dexamethasone injection by injection in the eustachian tube,once every 2 day. 7-day was regarded as 1 treatment course. 1 more course for uncured patients,and no more than 4 courses. Clinical efficacy,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10 levels before and after treatment,and 1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was signifi-cantly higher than control group,1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured was significantly lower than control group,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P0.05). After treatment,TNF-α and IL-6 level in 2 groups were significantly lower than before, and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of dexamethasone by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is superior to auripuncture administration,it can reduce re-currence rate,with good safety.

Analysis of clinical manifestations and pathogenic septicemia of newborn babies late onsetsepsis in community acquired / 重庆医学

Objective To summarize the clinical manifestation ,the main pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of neonatal community acquired sepsis late onset in our hospital .Methods Retrospectively analyse the clinical material of 122 cases (41 premature cases and 81 cases of full term) with neonatal community acquired sepsis late onset ,which were clinically diagnosed , from January 2009 to December 2012 in our hospital .Results The main clinical manifestation of neonatal community acquired sep-sis late onset was poor response(64 .7% ) ,repellent milk(57 .4% ) ,temperature changes(61 .5% ) ,and the respiratory tract and um-bilical region were the main infection ways .42 cases were checked out with pathogen in the 122 cases ,blood culture positive rate was 34 .4% ,and there was no statistically differences between the premature and the full term infant group ,In the 42 cases ,there were 29 cases with staphylococcus ,including 10 cases of staphylococcus aureus ,14 cases of coagulase negative staphylococcus and 5 cases of enterococcus ;and there were 10 cases are checked out with e .coli .All of the coccus detected were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin ,but sensitive to vancomycin ,teicoplanin ,linezolid .The e .coli was sensitive to amikacin ,imipenem ,meropenem ,and al-so had a higher sensitivity to cefazolin ,ceftriaxone ,cefepime ,cefoperazone and nitrofurantoin .Conclusion Blood culture positive rate is not high in neonatal community acquired sepsis late onset ,and its′clinical manifestations are nonspecific .The main pathogenic bacteria is coagulase negative staphylococcus ,staphylococcus aureus ,followed by escherichia coli .

Clinical value of serum homocysteine and cystatin C in patients with coronary heart disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum homocysteine (Hcy),Cystatin C (CysC) detection in coronary heart disease prevention,diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 200 cases of coronary heart disease patients including 50 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) (AMI group),85 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP)(UAP group.) and 65 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) (SAP group) were selected,and 120 cases of healthy controls were selected as control group.The serum levels of Hcy and CysC were detected and compared.Results The serum levels of Hcy and CysC in AMI group,UAP group and SAP group were significandy higher than those in control group[Hcy:(22.35 ± 8.18),(16.54±7.56),(14.52±6.38) μmol/Lvs.(9.35±3.23) μmol/L; CysC:(1.32±0.27),(1.88± 0.66),(1.19 ± 0.46) mg/L vs.(0.80 ± 0.33) mg/L],and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜ 0.01).The serum level of Hcy in AMI group was higher than that in UAP group and SAP group [(22.35 ± 8.18) μ mol/L vs.(16.54 ± 7.56),(14.52 ± 6.38) μ mol/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The relationship between Hcy,CysC level and coronary heart disease is close,and Hcy levels increase with increasing degree of coronary heart disease.Detection of Hcy and CysC has some clinical value on prevention,diagnosis,treatment of coronary heart disease.

Mitochondrial modulation of apoptosis induced by low-dose radiation in mouse testicular cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether apoptosis induced by low-dose radiation (LDR) is regulated by mitochondrial pathways in testicular cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male mice were exposed to whole-body LDR, and changes in mitochondrial function and in expression of apoptotic factors were analyzed in the testicular cells as follows. Total nitric-oxide synthase (T-NOS) and Na+/K+ ATPase activities were biochemically assayed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were determined by flow cytometry using fluorescent probes. Levels of mRNAs encoding cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were quantified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Expression of Cyt c, AIF, caspase-9, and caspase-3 at the protein level was assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LDR induced an increase in T-NOS activity and ROS levels, and a decrease in Na+/K+ ATPase activity and mitochondrial Δψm, in the testicular cells. The intensity of these effects increased with time after irradiation and with dose. The cells showed remarkable swelling and vacuolization of mitochondria, and displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase in the expression of Cyt c, AIF, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3. Activation of the two procaspases was confirmed by detection of the cleaved caspases. The changes in expression of the four apoptotic factors were mostly limited to spermatogonia and spermatocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LDR can induce testicular cell apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathways.</p>

Cellular fatty acids as chemical markers for differentiation of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Gas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Whole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus 17:0 fatty acids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.</p>

Effect of low-dose fenvalerate on semen quality capacitation in adult mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Fenvalerate (FEN) has been demonstrated to be a reproductive toxicant in humans and rodents. However, little is known about whether short-term exposure to low-dose FEN produces reproductive toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We administered FEN (0.009 375, 0.1875, 3.750, or 45.00 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) by gavage for 30 days) to male ICR mice and compared reproductive toxicity parameters between groups receiving different concentrations of FEN. Reproductive toxicity was evaluated by computer-assisted semen quality analysis (CASA), chlortetracycline (CTC) assay, and histopathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sperm morphology and testis histology of FEN-exposed mice (all doses) were similar to that in controlling mice. Exposure to FEN at a concentration of 0.1875 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) decreased sperm path straightness (STR) and linearity (LIN) (both P < 0.05), but had no significant impact on average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), lateral amplitude (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), or progressive motility (MOT). FEN reduced the rate of mouse sperm capacitation in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present results demonstrate that exposure to low-dose FEN for 30 days reduces semen quality and sperm capacitation in adult mice.</p>

The analysis of smooth pursuit test in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the result of smooth pursuit test(SPT) in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and investigate its influencing factors.Method:Smooth pursuit test (SPT) and spontaneous nystagmus (SN)were examined in one hundred and eighty-five patients with unilateral peripheral vertigo(case group) and 51 normal persons(control group) by Video-Nystagmography (Synapsys, France), and the gain of SPT and SN were selected as the observation parameters in order to analyze the waveform and gain of SPT and the relativity between SN and the gain of SPT.Result:Of the 185 patients, 105(56.8%),72(38.9%) and 8(4.3%) cases producedⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ waveforms respectively. Of these patients, 58(31.4%) demonstrated SN and none had Ⅳ waveform. While of 51 normal persons, 38(74.5%), 13(25.5%) persons producedⅠand Ⅱwaveforms repectively and there were no Ⅲ, Ⅳ waveforms or SN. There was statistical significance between the stong and weak gain of SPT in these two groups. Weak gain was significantly different between two groups. The stong and weak gain of SPT in case group were 0.86±0.06,0.80±0.06; 0.78±0.09, 0.65±0.1; 0.68±0.13, 0.45±0.12. The relativity between SN and the gain of SPT was positive when they had same direction(r_s=-0.63,P＜0.05)and negative when opposite (r_s=0.34,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ three waveforms of SPT could appear in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and the corresponding gains are gradually decreasing.SN is the influencing factor of SPT.

The analysis of smooth pursuit test in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the result of smooth pursuit test (SPT) in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and investigate its influencing factors.@*METHOD@#Smooth pursuit test (SPT) and spontaneous nystagmus (SN) were examined in one hundred and eighty-five patients with unilateral peripheral vertigo (case group) and 51 normal persons (control group) by Video-Nystagmography (Synapsis, France), and the gain of SPT and SN were selected as the observation parameters in order to analyze the waveform and gain of SPT and the relativity between SN and the gain of SPT.@*RESULT@#Of the 185 patients, 105 (56.8%), 72 (38.9%) and 8 (4.3%) cases produced I , II and III waveforms respectively. Of these patients, 58 (31.4%) demonstrated SN and none had IV waveform. While of 51 normal persons, 38 (74.5%), 13 (25.5%) persons produced I and II waveforms respectively and there were no III, IV waveforms or SN. There was statistical significance between the strong and weak gain of SPT in these two groups. Weak gain was significantly different between two groups. The strong and weak gain of SPT in case group were 0.86 +/- 0.06, 0.80 +/- 0.06; 0.78 +/- 0.09, 0.65 +/- 0.1; 0.68 +/- 0.13, 0.45 +/- 0.12. The relativity between SN and the gain of SPT was positive when they had same direction (r(s) = -0.63, P<0.05) and negative when opposite (r(s) = 0.34, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#I , II, III three waveforms of SPT could appear in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and the corresponding gains are gradually decreasing. SN is the influencing factor of SPT.

Objective evaluation of nasal ventilation function in healthy adults in Tianjin area / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish reference values of acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and rhinospirometer in healthy adults in Tianjin area, analyze the effects of age,sex and side on the value, investigate the correlation of the measure values, offer the diagnosis date for test nasal ventilation function in Tianjin area.@*METHOD@#Four hundred and sixty-six healthy adults in Tianjin area were tested. A1 acoustic rhinometry was used to measure the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA), distance of the minimal cross-sectional area to the nostril (DCAN) and the nasal volume from 0-5 cm, 2-5 cm (V5, V2-5); At 150 Pa, 75 Pa and broms, NR6 Rhinomanometry was used to measure unilateral nasal inspiratory resistance (IR)and expiratory resistance (ER), bilateral nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance (TIR and TER), and differences of the bilateral nasal resistance can be calculated; NV1 Rhinospirometer was used to measure unilateral inspiratory capacity (IC) and expiration capacity (EC), and the nasal partitioning ratio (NPR) can be calculated. Practical measure the distance of nostril to ahead of the inferior turbinate and compare with DCAN. Make the correlational analysis on different index of three exam.@*RESULT@#Reference values of acoustic rhinometry: MCA was (0.45 +/- 0. 16) cm2 for male, (0.44 +/- 0.16) cm2 for female; V2-5 was (3.52 +/- 1.38) cm3 for male, (3.36 +/- 1.22) cm3 for female, V5 was (5.10 +/- 1.47) cm3 for male, (4.86 +/- 1.12) cm3 for female; DCAN have two distance, (2.22 +/- 0.398, 0.53 +/- 0.625) cm was for male, (2.10 +/- 0.37, 0.67 +/- 0.15) cm was for female. No significant gender, side and age differences were shown in MCA, V5, V2-5. Significant gender differences were shown in DCAN but no side and age differences. Reference values of rhinomanometry: Significant gender but no side and age differences were shown in IR, ER, TIR, TER. Reference values of rhinospirometer: IC was (2.06 +/- 1.10) L/20 s for male, (1.37 +/- 0.34) L/20 s for female, EC was (2.15 +/- 1.23) L/20 s for male (1.39 +/- 0.58) L/20 s for female. NPRi was 0.11 [0.05, 0.23],NPRe was 0.11 [0.05, 0.19]. Significant gender but no side and age differences were shown in IC and EC. No gender and age differences were shown in NPRi and NPRe. There was significant correlation found between MCA and IR/ER/IC/EC, IR and IC, ER and EC, Rlr and NPRi/ NPRe.@*CONCLUSION@#Acoustic rhinometry,rhinomanometry and rhinospirometer can be useful reference values to evaluate nasal ventilation function, more value will be found if use the three together.

Aerodynamic Measure of the Phonation in Patients with Vocal Polyps and Vocal Nodules / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of vocal polyps and vocal nodules.Methods Aerodynamic parameters of 58 patients with vocal polyps or vocal nodules and 30 normal adults were measured by Aerophone Ⅱ Voice Function Analyzer.The mean airflow rate,intraoral pressure,glottal resistance,glottal efficiency were compared among different group.Results The mean airflow rate,glottal resistance and glottal efficiency of vocal polyps,vocal nodules and normal adult were 254.50±36.02 ml/s,33.55±4.63 cmH_2O/(L·S),2.46±1.49,177.45±25.93 ml/s,38.83±8.88 cmH_2O/(L·S),7.75±3.71,118.44±29.98 ml/s,53.04±8.64 cmH_2O/(L·S),9.17±3.87,respectively.The difference between them was significant(P＜0.01).The difference of intraoral pressure between vocal polyps (8.97±1.36 cmH_2O) and normal adult (6.24±0.99 cmH_2O) was significant (P＜0.01).The mean airflow rate,glottal resistance,glottal efficiency were significantly different between vocal polyps and vocal nodules(P＜0.01).Conclusion The degree of vocal fold adduct and the effciency of voice production in vocal polyps is worse than that of vocal nodules.The aerodynamic parameters can make quantifiable,objective assessment in voice function of vocal polyps and vocal nodules.